The word cartoon has various meanings, based on several very different forms of visual art and illustration. The artists who draw cartoons are known as cartoonists.

The term has evolved over time. The original meaning was in fine art of the late Middle Ages and Renaissance, where it referred to a preparatory drawing for a piece of art, such as a painting or tapestry. In the 19th century, it came to refer to humorous illustrations in magazines and newspapers, and in the early 20th century it was sometimes used to refer to comic strips. In modern usage, it commonly refers to single-panel drawings (also known as gag cartoons) and animation for film and television.

Fine art

A cartoon (from the Italian "cartone" and Dutch word "karton", meaning strong, heavy paper or pasteboard) is a full-size drawing made on sturdy paper as a study or ''modello'' for a painting, stained glass or tapestry. Cartoons were typically used in the production of frescoes, to accurately link the component parts of the composition when painted on damp plaster over a series of days (''giornate''). Such cartoons often have pinpricks along the outlines of the design; a bag of soot was then patted or "pounced" over the cartoon, held against the wall to leave black dots on the plaster ("pouncing"). Cartoons by painters, such as the Raphael Cartoons in London and examples by Leonardo da Vinci, are highly prized in their own right. Tapestry cartoons, usually coloured, were followed by eye by the weavers on the loom.

==Print media==

In modern print media, a cartoon is a piece of art, usually humorous in intent. This usage dates from 1843 when ''Punch'' magazine applied the term to satirical drawings in its pages, particularly sketches by John Leech. The first of these parodied the preparatory cartoons for grand historical frescoes in the then-new Palace of Westminster. The original title for these drawings was ''Mr Punch's face is the letter Q'' and the new title "cartoon" was intended to be ironic, a reference to the self-aggrandizing posturing of Westminster politicians.

Modern single-panel gag cartoons, found in magazines, generally consist of a single drawing with a typeset caption positioned beneath or (much less often) a speech balloon. Newspaper syndicates have also distributed single-panel gag cartoons by Mel Calman, Bill Holman, Gary Larson, George Lichty, Fred Neher and others. Many consider ''New Yorker'' cartoonist Peter Arno the father of the modern gag cartoon (as did Arno himself). The roster of magazine gag cartoonists includes Charles Addams, Charles Barsotti and Chon Day.

Bill Hoest, Jerry Marcus and Virgil Partch began as a magazine gag cartoonists and moved on to do syndicated comic strips. Noteworthy in the area of newspaper cartoon illustration is Richard Thompson, who illustrated numerous feature articles in ''The Washington Post'' before creating his ''Cul de Sac'' comic strip.

Editorial cartoons are found almost exclusively in news publications and news websites. Although they also employ humor, they are more serious in tone, commonly using irony or satire. The art usually acts as a visual metaphor to illustrate a point of view on current social and/or political topics. Editorial cartoons often include speech balloons and, sometimes, multiple panels. Editorial cartoonists of note include Herblock, David Low, Jeff MacNelly, Mike Peters and Gerald Scarfe.

Comic strips, also known as "cartoon strips" in the United Kingdom, are found daily in newspapers worldwide, and are usually a short series of cartoon illustrations in sequence. In the United States they are not as commonly called "cartoons" themselves, but rather "comics" or "funnies". Nonetheless, the creators of comic strips—as well as comic books and graphic novels—are usually referred to as "cartoonists". Although humor is the most prevalent subject matter, adventure and drama are also represented in this medium. Noteworthy cartoonists of humor strips include Scott Adams, Steve Bell, Charles Schulz, E. C. Segar, Mort Walker and Bill Watterson.

Books

Books with cartoons are usually reprints of newspaper cartoons. On some occasions, new gag cartoons have been created for book publication, as was the case with ''Think Small'', a 1967 promotional book distributed as a giveaway by Volkswagen dealers. Bill Hoest and other cartoonists of that decade drew cartoons showing Volkswagens, and these were published along with humorous automotive essays by such humorists as H. Allen Smith, Roger Price and Jean Shepherd. The book's design juxtaposed each cartoon alongside a photograph of the cartoon's creator.

Animation

Because of the stylistic similarities between comic strips and early animated movies, "cartoon" came to refer to animation, and the word "cartoon" is currently used to refer to both animated cartoons and gag cartoons. While "animation" designates any style of illustrated images seen in rapid succession to give the impression of movement, the word "cartoon" is most often used in reference to TV programs and short films for children featuring anthropomorphized animals, superheroes, the adventures of child protagonists and related genres.

At the end of the 1980s, the word "cartoon" was shortened, and the word "toon" came into usage with the live action/animated feature ''Who Framed Roger Rabbit'' (1988), followed two years later by the TV series ''Tiny Toon Adventures'' (1990).

See also

Caricature

Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum

Comics Studies

Editorial cartoon

List of comic strips

List of cartoonists

List of editorial cartoonists

References

Further reading

Robinson, Jerry, ''The Comics: An Illustrated History of Comic Strip Art'' (1974) G.P. Putnam's Sons

Horn, Maurice, ''The World Encyclopedia of Comics'' (1976) Chelsea House, (1982) Avon

Blackbeard, Bill, ed. ''The Smithsonian Collection of Newspaper Comics'' (1977) Smithsonian Inst. Press/Harry Abrams

External links

Dan Becker, History of Cartoons

Marchand collection cartoons & photos

Stamp Act 1765 with British & American cartoons

Slavery

Lilly Library collection pre 1865

''Harper's Weekly'' 150 cartoons on elections 1860-1912; Reconstruction topics; Chinese exclusion; plus American Political Prints from the Library of Congress, 1766–1876

* Elections 1860-1912 as covered by ''Harper's Weekly''; news, editorials, cartoons (many by Thomas Nast)

* Thomas Nast cartoons strongly pro-GOP, pro-Reconstruction, anti-South, anti-Irish, & anti-Catholic

* more Nast cartoons

* still more Nast

"Graphic Witness" political caricatures in history

Gilded Age & Progressive Era Cartoons, industry, labor, politics, prohibition from Ohio State University

political cartoons

Hawaii editorial cartoons

Keppler cartoons

1892 political cartoons

Opper cartoons for 1900 election ridiculing TR and McKinley as pawns of Trusts and Sen. Hanna

WWI cartoons

Ding Darling editorial cartoons 1910-1950

New Deal Cartoons systematic collection of original editorial cartoons from many newspapers; research resource on New Deal by year and topic 1933-45

Lindbergh & America First with cartoons & graphics & audio speeches

Dr Seuss cartoons from WW2

Harry Truman caricatured

Oliphant's 1970s; political

Herblock 1920-s 2000s; editorial cartoons from liberal perspective

current editorial cartoons

Index of cartoonists in the Fred Waring Collection

International Society for Humor Studies

Category:Art genres Category:Cartooning Category:Film and video terminology Category:Film genres

ca:Cartoon de:Cartoon et:Animafilm fa:کارتون (نقاشی) fr:Cartoon ko:카툰 (만화) hi:कार्टून io:Kartuno lo:ໝັງກາຕູນ mk:Цртан филм mr:व्यंगचित्र ms:Kartun nl:Cartoon ja:カートゥーン pt:Cartoon simple:Cartoon sr:Цртани филм sv:Skämtteckning tl:Guhit-larawan te:కార్టూన్ th:การ์ตูน zh:卡通

{{infobox football biography 2 | playername

Ivan Rusev | image | fullname Ivan Nikolaev Rusev | dateofbirth May 10, 1979 | cityofbirth Burgas | countryofbirth Bulgaria | height | position Midfielder | youthyears1 1990–1998 | youthclubs1 Chernomorets Burgas | years1 1998–1999 | clubs1 Chernomorets Burgas | caps1 34 | goals1 8 | years2 2000 | clubs2 Spartak Varna | caps2 5 | goals2 2 | years3 2000 | clubs3 → Egaleo (loan)| caps3 16 | goals3 8 | years4 2001–2005 | clubs4 AEK Athens | caps4 20 | goals4 2 | years5 2001–2002 | clubs5 → Athinaikos (loan)| caps5 21 | goals5 7 | years6 2002–2003 | clubs6 → Apollon Smyrnis (loan)| caps6 22 | goals6 5 | years7 2005–2008 | clubs7 Levadiakos | caps7 63 | goals7 6 | years8 2008–2010 | clubs8 Diagoras | caps8 46 | goals8 13 | years9 2010 | clubs9 Trikala | caps9 14 | goals9 3 | years10 2011– | clubs10 OFI Crete | caps10 | goals10 | currentclub OFI Crete | clubnumber 20 | pcupdate December 12, 2010 | ntupdate }}

Ivan Rusev (born 10 May 1979) is a Bulgarian football player, who currently plays for OFI Crete.

He is the son of PFC Nesebar legend Nikolai Rusev. He weighs 70 kg and his height is 1.76 cm. His main position is as a midfielder. He previously played for A.E.K. Athens, Apollon Smyrnis, Athinaikos, Egaleo F.C. and Trikala F.C..

References

Category:1979 births Category:Living people Category:Bulgarian footballers Category:PFC Chernomorets Burgas players Category:PFC Litex Lovech players Category:PFC Spartak Varna players Category:AEK Athens F.C. players Category:Levadiakos FC players Category:Apollon Smyrnis players Category:Athinaikos players Category:Egaleo F.C. players Category:OFI Crete players

name	Foghorn Leghorn
alias	Daniel John John Griffin
first	''Walky Talky Hawky'' (August 31, 1946)
creator	Robert McKimson
voice	Mel Blanc (1946-1987)Joe Alaskey (1988-current)Jeff Bergman (1990-1993, 2011-current) Greg Burson (1993-2008)Bill Farmer (Space Jam, Looney Tunes Racing, Looney Tunes: Space Race)Frank Gorshin (Pullet Surprise)Jeff Bennett (2000-current)Maurice LaMarche (Looney Tunes: Acme Arsenal)
species	Rooster
gender	Male }}

Foghorn Leghorn (full name Foghorn J., I say, Foghorn J. Leghorn according to 1950s comics produced by studio staffers) is a character that appears in the ''Looney Tunes'' and ''Merrie Melodies'' cartoons for Warner Bros. He was created by Robert McKimson, and starred in 28 cartoons between 1946 and 1963 in the Golden Age of American animation. All 28 of these cartoons were directed by McKimson.

Biography

Foghorn Leghorn is a large, white adult rooster with a Southern accent, a "good ol' boy" speaking style, and a penchant for mischief. He first appeared in 1946 in a Henery Hawk film entitled ''Walky Talky Hawky.'' All of the motion picture Foghorn Leghorn cartoons were directed by Robert McKimson, and the rooster vies with the Tasmanian Devil as the most popular character associated with the director.

Many of the gags involved Foghorn and a canine nemesis (formally known as The Barnyard Dawg within Warner today, though on early model sheets his name is given as George P. Dog) engaging in one-upmanship through a series of pranks. Unlike other Looney Tunes rivalries—with the notable exception of the Wile E. Coyote and Road Runner series—Foghorn is often the initial aggressor out of self-amusement and subsequently on the 'losing' end of gags. Most common among them was Leghorn's taking up a plank of wood, while ambling along humming "Camptown Races" (the only intelligible words being "DOO-Dah! DOO-Dah!"), coming to the sleeping Dawg with his front half inside his doghouse, picking up his tail and rapidly whacking (almost always with eight strokes) his exposed rear end. Occasionally, Foghorn sings the song, but replaces "Camptown ladies sing this song..." with "Lump-teen-dozen and a-doo-dah day...". He does not sing any other part of the song, reverting to humming after the DOO-Dah's. Foghorn Leghorn loses his feathers very often in the episodes, usually revealing his bare skin or his boxers.

The dog would give chase, usually with his leash still attached to his collar, until the leash stretched taut and his barking was replaced by an anguished howl. At times, when the dog would continue to bark, he would also yell, ''"Aaaaaahhhhh, shaddap!"'' In rare cases, it's the dog that starts the series of pranks; as such it is somewhat difficult to tell who started the feud. This gag was passed down to the Leghorns' grandson in ''Feather Bluster'', where Foghorn was puzzled as to why the kid was behaving that way and the Dog was all too happy to remind him: "Ain't nothin' wrong with 'im, Foggy, 'cept that he takes after ''you''."

He was joined in a few episodes by a weasel called 'Bill' who initially attempted to eat him but ended up joining forces to outwit the aforementioned canine.

Other recurring themes throughout the cartoons included the attempts of the diminutive Henery Hawk to catch and eat Foghorn, and the rooster's efforts to woo the widowed hen Miss Prissy (often by babysitting her bookish son, Egghead, Jr.).

Foghorn's voice was created by Mel Blanc and was later performed by Jeff Bergman, Joe Alaskey, Bill Farmer, Greg Burson, Jeff Glen Bennett and Frank Gorshin. It was patterned after a hard-of-hearing West Coast-only radio character from the 1930s, known simply as The Sheriff. Later, some of Foghorn's characteristic catch-phrases were drawn from the character of Senator Claghorn, a blustering Southern politician who was a regular character on the Fred Allen radio show.

The rooster adopted many of Claghorn's catch phrases, such as "That's a joke, I say, that's a joke, son." The references to Claghorn were obvious to much of the audience when the Foghorn Leghorn cartoons first premiered, but like many of the references in WB cartoons of the era, they have since become dated.

A toddler version of Foghorn made appearances in short music videos of ''Baby Looney Tunes''. He starred in only one episode of the show, in which he was trying to fit in with a gang of cool roosters and employed the help of Tweety and his friends before Lola Bunny suggested to just be himself, which came in handy when Barnyard Dawg chased the cool roosters.

A ''leghorn'' is a breed of chicken, and ''foghorn'' describes the character's loud, overbearing voice. At its most raucous, it sounds similar to that of another Blanc voice: Yosemite Sam (a strictly Friz Freleng character). Both parts of the name suggest the association with "Senator Claghorn."

Foghorn Leghorn made numerous appearances in Tiny Toons Adventures in numerous roles as Acme Loonervesity's Professor of Hound Teasing, Baseball Coach and an obnoxiously loud Librarian. He also appears in Animaniacs on "The Warner's 65th anniversery Special". Foghorn made a cameo appearance in ''Who Framed Roger Rabbit'', in the final scene at Marvin Acme's factory with several other Looney Tunes characters. The rooster appeared in two Chuck Jones shorts of the 1990s, ''Superior Duck'' (1996) and ''Pullet Surprise'' (1997), voiced on both occasions by Frank Gorshin. He was part of the Toon Squad team in ''Space Jam'', and was a croupier at Sam's casino in ''Looney Tunes: Back in Action''. In addition, Foghorn appeared in commercials for Kentucky Fried Chicken and Oscar Meyer and most recently, GEICO insurance. A character named Mr. Leghorn, based on Foghorn himself, made a pair of appearances in Loonatics Unleashed.

Foghorn Leghorn appeared in The Looney Tunes Show episode "The Foghorn Leghorn Story" voiced by Jeff Bergman.

Appearances

All of the shorts from 1946-1964 were directed by Robert McKimson.

''Walky Talky Hawky'' (1946)

''Crowing Pains'' (1947)

''The Foghorn Leghorn'' (1948)

''Henhouse Henery'' (1949)

''The Leghorn Blows at Midnight'' (1950)

''A Fractured Leghorn'' (1950)

''Leghorn Swoggled'' (1951)

''Lovelorn Leghorn'' (1951)

''Sock-a-Doodle-Do'' (1952)

''The Egg-Cited Rooster'' (1952)

''Plop Goes the Weasel'' (1953)

''Of Rice and Hen'' (1953)

''Little Boy Boo'' (1954)

''Feather Dusted'' (1955)

''All Fowled Up'' (1955)

''Weasel Stop'' (1956)

''The High and the Flighty'' (1956)

''Raw! Raw! Rooster!'' (1956)

''Fox Terror'' (1957)

''Feather Bluster'' (1958)

''Weasel While You Work'' (1958)

''A Broken Leghorn'' (1959)

''Crockett-Doodle-Do'' (1960)

''The Dixie Fryer'' (1960)

''Strangled Eggs'' (1961)

''The Slick Chick'' (1962)

''Mother Was a Rooster'' (1962)

''Banty Raids'' (1963)

''False Hare'' (cameo appearance, starring Bugs Bunny) (1964)

''The Yolk's on You'' (cameo appearance, part of ''Daffy Duck's Easter Egg-Citement'') (1980)

''Who Framed Roger Rabbit'' (1988) (cameo appearance)

''Superior Duck'' (cameo appearance) (1996), voiced by Frank Gorshin

''Space Jam'' (1996) voiced by Bill Farmer

''Pullet Surprise'' (1997) voiced by Frank Gorshin

''Tweety's High-Flying Adventure'' (2000) voiced by Jeff Glen Bennett

''Cock-A-Doodle Duel'' (2004) voiced by Jeff Bennett

''GEICO-Foghorn Leghorn'' (2011) voiced by Jeff Bennett

In popular culture

1980s-1990s Kentucky Fried Chicken commercials had Foghorn voiced by Joe Alaskey.

Jon Stewart compared Fred Thompson to Foghorn Leghorn during the 2008 Republican Convention.

Much like Elmer Fudd, Foghorn Leghorn had appeared in a GEICO commercial in 2011. Here, he is providing narration for an e-book, but motor-mouths & ends up getting clubbed by Henery Hawk off-screen.

He was in an Eminem music video for the song Role Model, while Eminem started beating him up in his cartoon form.

He is referenced in "Its Always Sunny in Philadelphia"

In an episode of ''Home Improvement'', Tim says that "Samuel Foghorn Leghorn", was a famous American. His older brother, Jeff, states that Foghorn Leghorn was "one smart chicken".

He was featured in an episode of Family Guy, in which his head was chopped off and he was quoted saying "Well look at that boy, running all around like a chicken with his head cut- wait a minute."

References

External links

Category:Looney Tunes characters Category:Fictional chickens Category:Fictional characters introduced in 1946 Category:Fictional anthropomorphic characters

ar:فوغهورن ليغهورن bn:ফগহর্ন লেগহর্ন bg:Фогхорн Легхорн ca:Foghorn Leghorn de:Foghorn Leghorn es:Gallo Claudio fr:Charlie le coq id:Foghorn Leghorn it:Foghorn Leghorn ml:ഫോഗ്ഹോൺ ലഗോൺ nl:Foghorn Leghorn pl:Kurak Leghorn pt:Foghorn Leghorn ro:Foghorn Leghorn sv:Ture Tupp